{"id":10073,"date":"2024-07-12T12:18:39","date_gmt":"2024-07-12T12:18:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/?p=10073"},"modified":"2024-07-14T09:17:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-14T09:17:00","slug":"sezonalnost-proizvoda-kako-upravljati-zalihama-u-neizvjesnim-vremenima-1-2-dio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/savjeti\/sezonalnost-proizvoda-kako-upravljati-zalihama-u-neizvjesnim-vremenima-1-2-dio\/","title":{"rendered":"Sezonalnost proizvoda: kako upravljati zalihama u neizvjesnim vremenima (1\/2 dio)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10073\" class=\"elementor elementor-10073\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-589b345 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"589b345\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab02ade\" data-id=\"ab02ade\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f62896 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f62896\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>U svijetu sezonske prodaje, upravljanje zalihama mo\u017ee biti pravi izazov. S promjenjivom potra\u017enjom, ograni\u010denim vremenskim horizontom i rizikom od gubitka prodaje ako nemamo zalihe, dono\u0161enje pravih odluka o naru\u010divanju mo\u017ee zna\u010diti razliku izme\u0111u profitabilnosti i gubitka. U ovom blogu istra\u017eit \u0107emo klju\u010dne aspekte upravljanja sezonskim zalihama s posebnim fokusom na balansiranje tro\u0161kova skladi\u0161tenja i potencijalnih gubitaka prodaje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36767fe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"36767fe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9578136\" data-id=\"9578136\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6317580 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6317580\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Klju\u010dne pretpostavke sezonalnosti<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3a1b81d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"3a1b81d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f3f6c3\" data-id=\"4f3f6c3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efa6cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efa6cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>&#8211; Neizvjesna potra\u017enja:<\/strong> potra\u017enja za sezonskim proizvodima \u010desto je nepredvidiva i mo\u017ee zna\u010dajno varirati.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Definiran vremenski horizont:<\/strong> sezonski proizvodi prodaju se tijekom ograni\u010denog vremenskog perioda (npr. bo\u017ei\u0107ne dekoracije, ljetna odje\u0107a, itd).<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Izgubljena prodaja:<\/strong> ako nemamo proizvod na zalihama kada kupac do\u0111e, gubimo tu prodaju.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Nasumi\u010dna potra\u017enja:<\/strong> potra\u017enja je nasumi\u010dna i mo\u017ee se opisati pomo\u0107u vjerojatnosne distribucije.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Jedan period planiranja:<\/strong> odluke o naru\u010divanju donose se za jedan prodajni period.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Zastarijevanje proizvoda:<\/strong> vi\u0161ak izaliha mo\u017ee izgubiti vrijednost ili postati neupotrebljiv nakon isteka sezone.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-81b6685 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"81b6685\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afc86cb\" data-id=\"afc86cb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba6d827 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba6d827\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Upravljanje vi\u0161kom zaliha i Salvage<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ef4fb6f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"ef4fb6f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0eeab2b\" data-id=\"0eeab2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8e5d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8e5d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ako nismo pa\u017eljivo planirali ili smo lo\u0161e predvidjeli potra\u017enju, mo\u017ee se dogoditi da naru\u010dimo previ\u0161e robe. Ovo je posebno problemati\u010dno kod proizvoda s ograni\u010denim rokom trajanja, kao \u0161to su hrana ili kozmetika. U takvim situacijama imamo dvije opcije: prodati vi\u0161ak proizvoda uz popust ili ga uni\u0161titi. Koncept &#8220;salvage&#8221; odnosi se na ostatak vrijednosti koju mo\u017eemo dobiti od vi\u0161ka proizvoda, bilo kroz sni\u017eene prodaje ili recikla\u017eu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d5990c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"0d5990c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d778dcf\" data-id=\"d778dcf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e37c56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e37c56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Balansiranje tro\u0161kova skladi\u0161tenja i gubitka prodaje<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5201da9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"5201da9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b678e09\" data-id=\"b678e09\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-918f0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"918f0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prilikom naru\u010divanja robe za skladi\u0161te, klju\u010dno je prona\u0107i balans izme\u0111u tro\u0161kova skladi\u0161tenja i gubitka prodaje. Tro\u0161kovi skladi\u0161tenja uklju\u010duju izdatke za prostor, osiguranje i odr\u017eavanje proizvoda. S druge strane, gubitak prodaje javlja se kada nemamo dovoljno zaliha da zadovoljimo potra\u017enju, \u0161to izravno utje\u010de na na\u0161 profit.<\/p><p>Jedan od na\u010dina da prona\u0111emo ovaj balans je kroz <strong>Critical Ratio<\/strong>. Ova metoda poma\u017ee nam odrediti optimalnu koli\u010dinu narud\u017ebe tako da maksimiziramo profit. U jednom od na\u0161ih prethodnih blogova detaljno smo pisali o Critical Ratio metodi (<a href=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/savjeti\/kako-upravljati-razinom-zaliha-upotrijebite-kriticni-omjer-critical-ratio\/\">https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/savjeti\/kako-upravljati-razinom-zaliha-upotrijebite-kriticni-omjer-critical-ratio\/<\/a>), pa vas pozivamo da ga pro\u010ditate za dublje razumijevanje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c447155 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"c447155\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-471ef54\" data-id=\"471ef54\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c3e9cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9c3e9cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uloga Penalty Term-a<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-786c2ea elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"786c2ea\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25b4618\" data-id=\"25b4618\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-078e0f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"078e0f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U kontekstu sezonskih zaliha, penalty term poma\u017ee nam kvantificirati tro\u0161ak nedostatka zaliha i uklju\u010diti ga u na\u0161e kalkulacije kako bismo optimizirali koli\u010dine narud\u017ebi. Ovaj pristup omogu\u0107ava bolje balansiranje izme\u0111u tro\u0161kova skladi\u0161tenja, tro\u0161kova vi\u0161ka zaliha i tro\u0161kova gubitka prodaje.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Dodavanje Penalty Term-a u kalkulaciju<\/strong><\/p><p>Da bismo uklju\u010dili Penalty Term u kalkulaciju, koristimo pro\u0161irenu verziju Newsvendor Modela. Ova verzija uzima u obzir tro\u0161ak skladi\u0161tenja, tro\u0161ak vi\u0161ka zaliha (Salvage Value) i Penalty Term.<\/p><p>Optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe (Q*) mo\u017ee se izra\u010dunati pomo\u0107u sljede\u0107e formule:<\/p><p>Q* = mean demand + <em>z<\/em> x standard deviation of demand<\/p><p>Gdje je\u00a0 <em>z<\/em>\u00a0 kriti\u010dna vrijednost koja se mo\u017ee prona\u0107i pomo\u0107u Critical Ratio (CR):<\/p><p>CR = selling price &#8211; cost + penalty term \/ selling price &#8211; cost + penalty term + holding cost &#8211; salvage value<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Faktori za odre\u0111ivanje visine Penalty Term-a<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong> Izgubljeni profit po jedinici:<\/strong> glavni dio Penalty Term-a \u010desto uklju\u010duje direktan gubitak profita kada se proda manje proizvoda nego \u0161to je tra\u017eeno.<\/li><li><strong> Tro\u0161kovi nezadovoljstva kupaca:<\/strong> nedostatak proizvoda mo\u017ee naru\u0161iti reputaciju poduze\u0107a i smanjiti zadovoljstvo kupaca, \u0161to mo\u017ee rezultirati gubitkom budu\u0107e prodaje.<\/li><li><strong> Alternativni tro\u0161kovi:<\/strong> tro\u0161kovi povezani s hitnim narud\u017ebama ili prekovremenim radom da bi se nadomjestio nedostatak zaliha.<\/li><li><strong> Tro\u0161kovi brige o kupcima:<\/strong> tro\u0161kovi pru\u017eanja dodatne podr\u0161ke ili kompenzacije nezadovoljnim kupcima.<\/li><li><strong> Dugoro\u010dni utjecaji na tr\u017ei\u0161te: <\/strong>Utjecaj na dugoro\u010dni tr\u017ei\u0161ni udio zbog smanjenja lojalnosti kupaca.<\/li><\/ol><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Pristup za odre\u0111ivanje Penalty Term-a<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Analiza povijesnih podataka:<\/strong> poduze\u0107a analiziraju podatke o prethodnim periodima kada su imali manjak zaliha da bi procijenile izgubljeni profit i dodatne tro\u0161kove.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Ankete i povratne informacije kupaca:<\/strong> kori\u0161tenje anketa za procjenu nezadovoljstva kupaca i dugoro\u010dnih efekata na lojalnost.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Financijske procjene:<\/strong> ra\u010dunovo\u0111e i financijski analiti\u010dari procjenjuju alternativne tro\u0161kove i dodatne operativne tro\u0161kove koji nastaju zbog nedostatka zaliha.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Marketin\u0161ke analize:<\/strong> marketin\u0161ki tim procjenjuje utjecaj na brend i tr\u017ei\u0161ni udio.<\/p><p><strong>&#8211; Benchmarking:<\/strong> usporedba s konkurencijom i industrijskim standardima kako bi se odredila odgovaraju\u0107a visina Penalty Term-a.<\/p><p>Ukoliko \u017eelite vi\u0161e saznati o izra\u010dunu Penalty Term-a, preporu\u010dujemo da konzultirate knjigu: <strong>Silver, E. A., Pyke, D. F., &amp; Peterson, R. (2017<em>). Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling.<\/em> 4<sup>th<\/sup> edn. New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4f1c4b1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"4f1c4b1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4c5ac90\" data-id=\"4c5ac90\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-976f0c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"976f0c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Izra\u010dun Critical Ratio na primjeru<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87f5c38 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"87f5c38\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b65a67\" data-id=\"2b65a67\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05da1b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05da1b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Da bismo pribli\u017eili kako izgleda izra\u010dun critical ratio s parametrima za odre\u0111ivanje koli\u010dine robe za inventar, napravit \u0107emo jedan primjer.<\/p><p>Imamo proizvod X koji ima prosje\u010dnu prodaju od 50 jedinica sa standardnom devijacijom od 10 jedinica. Prodajna cijena proizvoda je 3 eura, a nabavna cijena iznosi 1.2 eura. Salvage value je 0.7 eura po jedinici, a kompanija je izra\u010dunala da je Penalty Term 0.5 eura po jedinici.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Kriti\u010dni odnos (CR) mo\u017eemo izra\u010dunati kao:<\/strong><\/p><p>U izra\u010dunu CR smo koristili samo cijenu i tro\u0161ak, bez dodavanja drugih parametara, i dobili smo da CR iznosi 0.6. U na\u0161em slu\u010daju, ovo podrazumijeva da je na\u0161a optimalna narud\u017eba postavljena tako da postoji 60% vjerojatnosti da \u0107e potra\u017enja biti jednaka ili manja od naru\u010dene koli\u010dine robe. Sa CR koji izra\u010dunavamo za proizvode balansiramo izme\u0111u rizika od vi\u0161ka zaliha (\u0161to pove\u0107ava tro\u0161kove skladi\u0161tenja i gubitke zbog zastarijevanja robe) i rizika od manjka zaliha (\u0161to rezultira izgubljenim prodajama i potencijalnim nezadovoljstvom kupaca).<\/p><p>Na osnovu CR, mo\u017eemo prona\u0107i odgovaraju\u0107u kriti\u010dnu vrijednost (z) iz normalne distribucije (koriste\u0107i statisti\u010dke tablice ili softver). U na\u0161em slu\u010daju, z \u2248 0.253.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe (Q*) bi bila:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0Q* = 50 + 0.253 X 10 = 52.53<\/p><p>Optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe (Q*) bi bila 52.53 jedinice. To zna\u010di da bismo trebali naru\u010diti pribli\u017eno 53 jedinice kako bismo maksimizirali profit i smanjili rizik od gubitka prodaje, uzimaju\u0107i u obzir neizvjesnost potra\u017enje.<\/p><p>Me\u0111utim, kada u kalkulaciju uklju\u010dimo i druge parametre, dobivamo druga\u010diju sliku profitabilnosti na\u0161e odluke o naru\u010divanju robe.<\/p><p>Kada u kalkulaciju uklju\u010dimo prosje\u010dnu prodaju, odstupanje od prodane robe zbog varijabiliteta sezonalnosti (standardna devijacija), prodajnu cijenu i tro\u0161kove, rezultati na\u0161e analize pokazuju sljede\u0107e:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bee5f27 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"bee5f27\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0541af7\" data-id=\"0541af7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2ef87a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f2ef87a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.15.0 - 20-08-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"61\" src=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-1-1-1024x61.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10076\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-1-1-1024x61.png 1024w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-1-1-300x18.png 300w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-1-1-768x46.png 768w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-1-1.png 1039w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c81e07 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"7c81e07\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-04d2499\" data-id=\"04d2499\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-996923e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"996923e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><strong> quantity: 52.53347<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe izra\u010dunata za zadane parametre.<\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>demand: 50<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Srednja vrijednost potra\u017enje za sezonski proizvod.<\/p><ol start=\"3\"><li><strong> sd: 10<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Standardna devijacija potra\u017enje, koja ukazuje na varijabilnost potra\u017enje.<\/p><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong> unitshort: 2.850037<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Prosje\u010dan broj jedinica u manjku, odnosno koliko puta u prosjeku ne\u0107e biti dovoljno \u00a0zaliha da zadovolji potra\u017enju.<\/p><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong> shortagecost: 8.550111<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Tro\u0161ak nedostatka zaliha, izra\u010dunat kao broj jedinica u manjku pomno\u017een s Penalty Term-om (u ovom slu\u010daju je penalty term 0 pa je tro\u0161ak samo posljedica izgubljene prodaje).<\/p><ol start=\"6\"><li><strong> cost: 63.04017<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Ukupni tro\u0161ak zaliha, uklju\u010duju\u0107i tro\u0161kove narud\u017ebe i dr\u017eanja zaliha.<\/p><ol start=\"7\"><li><strong> revenue: 150<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Ukupni prihod od prodaje proizvoda po punoj cijeni.<\/p><ol start=\"8\"><li><strong> profit: 78.40972<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Neto profit, izra\u010dunat kao razlika izme\u0111u prihoda i ukupnih tro\u0161kova.<\/p><ol start=\"9\"><li><strong> soldatfullprice: 47.14996<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Broj jedinica prodanih po punoj cijeni.<\/p><ol start=\"10\"><li><strong> sold_discount: 5.383508<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Broj jedinica prodanih uz popust (u ovom slu\u010daju je salvage value 0)<\/p><p>Rezultati pokazuju da je optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe 52.53 jedinica, \u0161to uzima u obzir neizvjesnost potra\u017enje i cilja na maksimiziranje profita. Uz prosje\u010dnu potra\u017enju od 50 jedinica i standardnu devijaciju od 10, o\u010dekuje se da \u0107e oko 2.85 jedinica biti u manjku, \u0161to dovodi do odre\u0111enih tro\u0161kova nedostatka. Ukupan tro\u0161ak inventara je 63.04, a ukupni prihod 150, \u0161to rezultira neto profitom od 78.41. Ve\u0107ina prodaje \u0107e biti po punoj cijeni, s malim dijelom prodanim uz popust.<\/p><p>Ukoliko uklju\u010dimo Salvage parametar, rezultati analize se mijenjaju:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6045632 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"6045632\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26f025b\" data-id=\"26f025b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e48b264 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e48b264\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"61\" src=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-2-1-1024x61.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10077\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-2-1-1024x61.png 1024w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-2-1-300x18.png 300w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-2-1-768x46.png 768w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-2-1.png 1039w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-435fa7e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"435fa7e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d612a9e\" data-id=\"d612a9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a18aee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a18aee7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rezultati pokazuju da je optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe 57.81 jedinica, \u0161to uzima u obzir neizvjesnost potra\u017enje i Salvage Value od 0.7 EUR po jedinici. Uz prosje\u010dnu potra\u017enju od 50 jedinica i standardnu devijaciju od 10, o\u010dekuje se da \u0107e oko 1.24 jedinice biti u manjku, \u0161to dovodi do minimalnog tro\u0161ka nedostatka. Ukupan tro\u0161ak inventara je 28.91 EUR, a ukupni prihod 150 EUR, \u0161to rezultira neto profitom od 83.24 EUR. Ve\u0107ina prodaje \u0107e biti po punoj cijeni, dok \u0107e se dio prodati uz popust zbog vi\u0161ka zaliha.<\/p><p>U tre\u0107em primjeru uklju\u010dili smo i Penalty u na\u0161u analizu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bf970aa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"bf970aa\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5143ee9\" data-id=\"5143ee9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f453cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6f453cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"63\" src=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-3-1-1024x63.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10078\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-3-1-1024x63.png 1024w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-3-1-300x18.png 300w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-3-1-768x47.png 768w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-3-1.png 1047w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9cefbe5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"9cefbe5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eae8175\" data-id=\"eae8175\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adcc63d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adcc63d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rezultati pokazuju da je optimalna koli\u010dina narud\u017ebe 59.21 jedinica, \u0161to uzima u obzir neizvjesnost potra\u017enje, Salvage Value od 0.7 EUR po jedinici i Penalty Term od 0.3 EUR po jedinici. Uz prosje\u010dnu potra\u017enju od 50 jedinica i standardnu devijaciju od 10, o\u010dekuje se da \u0107e oko 0.97 jedinica biti u manjku, \u0161to dovodi do minimalnog tro\u0161ka nedostatka. Ukupan tro\u0161ak zaliha je 29.60, a ukupni prihod 150, \u0161to rezultira neto profitom od 82.69. Ve\u0107ina prodaje \u0107e biti po punoj cijeni, dok \u0107e se dio prodati uz popust zbog vi\u0161ka zaliha.<\/p><p>Kada pogledamo rezultate analize u jednoj tablici, mo\u017eemo vidjeti kako se razina zaliha mijenja zajedno s tro\u0161kovima i zaradom u odnosu na o\u010dekivani profit kada u kalkulaciju uklju\u010dimo Salvage i Penalty Term. Iz ovog razloga, vrlo je va\u017eno pa\u017eljivo pristupiti analizi prodaje kako bi se mogao ispravno postaviti nivo naru\u010divanja robe. Time se izbjegava preoptere\u0107enje zaliha, smanjenje profitabilnosti i pove\u0107anje radnog kapitala (uglavnom iz vanjskih skupih izvora), \u010dime bi se naru\u0161ila profitabilnost poslovanja na duge staze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2da00a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"2da00a5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca57fa9\" data-id=\"ca57fa9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1fdd5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a1fdd5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"119\" src=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-4-1-1024x119.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10079\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-4-1-1024x119.png 1024w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-4-1-300x35.png 300w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-4-1-768x89.png 768w, https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/table-4-1.png 1048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-790e0a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default qodef-elementor-content-no\" data-id=\"790e0a0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0eb6f6f\" data-id=\"0eb6f6f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97de357 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"97de357\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U drugom dijelu bloga na ovu temu saznajemo \u0161to se doga\u0111a ako u kalkulaciju uklju\u010dimo preveliku ili premalu narud\u017ebu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>U ovom blogu istra\u017eit \u0107emo klju\u010dne aspekte upravljanja sezonskim zalihama s posebnim fokusom na balansiranje tro\u0161kova skladi\u0161tenja i potencijalnih gubitaka prodaje.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-savjeti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10073"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10096,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10073\/revisions\/10096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/optibizadria.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}